blood in vertabrates and invertabrates

•In vertebrates, the circulating fluid, or blood is kept within a closed circulating system, whereas hemolymph is the circulating fluid of animals with open circulatory system, for example insect.

•The coelomic fluid of some invertebrates also has a circulatorry role instead of blood.

•The function of blood.

•Respiratory pigments in blood.

•Transport of nutrients

•Circulate hormones

•Blood clotting

•İmmune reponses

•Phagocytosis of dead cells and foreign materials

•İmportant pH buffer system

•Constituents of blood can confer antifreeze properties.

•Heat exchange

•Blood volume is 6% in cephalopod mollusks, 3-16% in vertebrates, and 30% or more in arthropods.

•In animals having open circulatory system, the blood volume is only a fraction of the extracellular fluid volume but blood volume is only a fraction of the extracellular volume for animals with a closed circulatory system.

•Hematocrit value

Plasma volume, cell volume